The Great Spa Towns of Europe, City of Bath
The City of Spa, known for giving its name to all spa towns, has been a pioneer in recognizing the medicinal properties of mineral water since the early 17th century. It features an extensive network of carbonated springs emerging from wooded hillsides, linked by a system of walks to the town center. Historically, it was known as the "Café of Europe" and is home to French classicist architecture from the 19th century. Spa continues its thermal traditions in a modern thermal center, and its rich intangible heritage includes spring folklore and traditional spring management practices. However, the town faces significant climate change impacts, particularly severe flooding risks from the Wayai River, exacerbated by extreme rainfall and rising groundwater levels. The 2021 catastrophic floods highlighted the vulnerability of Spa's historic town center, spa facilities, and surrounding landscapes. Additionally, the fluctuating water levels threaten the mineral springs and the traditional spring management system. Through the Preserving Legacies program, Spa aims to develop climate adaptation strategies that integrate traditional knowledge and modern climate policy. The program will also strengthen community engagement, enhance resilience, and protect the town’s cultural and natural heritage, fostering collaboration among a range of stakeholders to create sustainable solutions for future generations.
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